Training for Complex Decision-Making: A Test of Instruction Based on the Recognition / Metacognition Model

A model of decision making is proposed that integrates recognitional and metacognitive processes. The metacognitive functions supplement recognitional skills in situations in which events are novel or the meaning of events is unclear for other reasons. Such situations are common in military settings, such as Naval anti-air warfare, where it is often the case that stakes are high, time is short, and events do not fit standard patterns. Training based on the model was designed to help Navy officers assess such situations. Two experimental tests of the training were conducted using highly realistic, computer-based simulations. Results indicate that the training improved decision processes and decision accuracy. Implications for team training and the design of decision aids are discussed.